Day: March 11, 2011

On the Reinsurers

On the Reinsurers

Insurance is a part of my life.? I’ve spent more than half of my life working with insurers in one way or another, and when unusual events happen, my phone rings, or I get e-mails, with people seeking insight.? Recently it has been regarding AIG, but in the last day it has been regarding reinsurers.

Full disclosure: my clients and I own shares in PartnerRe [PRE].? I may take positions in other reinsurers, but I am not planning on that anytime soon.

So, one friend of mine who writes a pseudonymous blog wrote me, saying:

Hi David – perhaps you can shed some light on this – for years I’ve heard the logic that catastrophes are bullish for insurers, as it allows them to raise rates.? I REFUSE to believe this.? I cannot for one second imagine that insurers would choose A) catastrophic payouts and rate increases vs B) no payouts and lower rates.

Here was my response:

They are bearish for insurers with large exposure to the contingencies, and bullish for insurers with no/little exposure to the contingencies.? But in aggregate, it is bearish ? think of the ?brick through the window? fallacy on GDP.

David

PS ? the better managed, less levered insurers/reinsurers do tend to do relatively better out of big crises, because they will have the capital to write the juicier business in the next year?

Now, PartnerRe was off a little today, but that doesn’t surprise me much — they usually have a little exposure to everything.? Very diversified in their liabilities, and conservative in the way they run their business.? My kind of reinsurer.

But then Flagstone Re was off over 12% today.? I owned this at one point in time, but don’t now.? After today’s losses, I may revisit them, but I am not in a rush.

Story: in 2004 and 2005, working for a hedge fund, I found the reinsurers to be some of the most intriguing companies to invest in, or short.? Particularly in hurricane season, there were a lot of trading opportunities.? Whenever there are significant events, you start keeping a spreadsheet, and as companies report likely losses, you populate your table.? You have to talk with investor relations, or the CFO, to see whether a company plays in that area of reinsurance, and to what degree.? Most of this is not in documents filed with the SEC, until results come afterward, through press releases, and 8Ks.

In 2005, one company, Montpelier, admitted no significant losses after Katrina, and it really stood out as an anomaly on my spreadsheet.? This was the only time I have ever gone from long to short on a company, ever.? Eventually Montpelier admitted the claims that were coming, and the stock price adjusted lower, and we covered.

Now, I am not up on all of the exposures of reinsurers at present.? Were I back in the saddle as a buyside analyst, I would be building my spreadsheet, and calling reinsurers to get an idea of how much exposure (not losses per se, but did they write business there?) they have to the recent troubles:

  • Last year?s New Zealand earthquake
  • Flooding in Australia in December and January
  • Tropical Cyclone Yasi (Northern Queensland)
  • This year?s New Zealand quake
  • The current Japan quake

Now if I were more of a trader, after research I might be inclined to take positions in Aspen, Axis, Flagstone, and Platinum.? But there is a lot of research to be done here, and I would not take any positions without significant due diligence, which I have not done here.

So be careful.? Rule number one is don’t lose money.? Rule number two is don’t forget rule number one.

Full disclosure: long PRE, for me and for clients

Book Review: Value: The Four Cornerstones of Corporate Finance

Book Review: Value: The Four Cornerstones of Corporate Finance

I was pleasantly surprised by this book.? Given the nature of the authors, for McKinsey & Company, I was predisposed to dislike it.? But I liked it.

What is the value of a corporation?? It is the value of the free cash flows discounted at the cost of capital.? That’s basic.? And yet, they unpack this simplicity into basic elements, without going overboard into a ton of detail.? Value derives from:

  • Return on invested capital
  • Revenue growth
  • Cost of capital

But value does not derive from growth in EPS.? I think that Peter Lynch brainwashed a lot of investors, and made them think that growth in EPS is everything.

What this book suggests is a need to unpack accounting statements to get a sense of whether value is being created or not.? Following the income statement is not enough; reviewing the level of accruals on the balance sheet helps a lot.

There are many things that don’t affect value:

  • Capital structure
  • Earnings management
  • Accounting rules

What does matter is finding new products and processes that change the value of the future free cash flow stream.

Quibbles

They spent little time on the cost of capital.?? They could have done more there.? That may seem small, but given all the errors that have occurred there, particularly from those that took on too much debt, it would have been valuable to spend more time guarding against aggressive liability structures.

Who would benefit from this book: Most investors would benefit from this book a little.? If you are familiar with the arguments, as I am, there is no benefit.? If you are inexperienced, the book is probably too advanced for you.? Those who would benefit the most have moderate experience with fundamental investing.

If you want to, you can buy it here: Value: The Four Cornerstones of Corporate Finance.

Full disclosure: The publisher sent this to me after asking me if I wanted it.

If you enter Amazon through my site, and you buy anything, I get a small commission.? This is my main source of blog revenue.? I prefer this to a ?tip jar? because I want you to get something you want, rather than merely giving me a tip.? Book reviews take time, particularly with the reading, which most book reviewers don?t do in full, and I typically do. (When I don?t, I mention that I scanned the book.? Also, I never use the data that the PR flacks send out.)

Most people buying at Amazon do not enter via a referring website.? Thus Amazon builds an extra 1-3% into the prices to all buyers to compensate for the commissions given to the minority that come through referring sites.? Whether you buy at Amazon directly or enter via my site, your prices don?t change.

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