Day: November 25, 2008

Issuing Debt for as Long as Our Republic Will Last

Issuing Debt for as Long as Our Republic Will Last

So Jimmy Rogers thinks the US dollar is going down?? He might be right.? There are few roads out of this crisis (more than one can be used):

  • High inflation (raise the nominal value of collateral behind loans, maybe?)
  • Internal Default (with depression)
  • External Default (including currency controls, and forced conversion to a new currency)
  • Large rise in taxation (leading to deep depression).
  • The Japan game, where the government attempts to force liquidity into the economy, leading to a low- or no-growth malaise.

At present, I think the government is pursuing the last of those, and avoiding inflation for now.? It is not in the DNA of the Fed to inflate, ever since the era of the ’70s.

Now, there is one idea floating around that I would like to suggest that we don’t do, or, if we do do it, let’s do it in limited amounts, like TIPS.? There is a proposal for Obama bonds — bonds issued by the Treasury in a currency other than dollars, such as the Japanese Yen.? It’s been done before; but I would urge against it because it gives up a key advantage that all of our debt is denominated in a currency that we think we control.? Why outsource that advantage to another central bank?

Anyway, I’ve discussed this earlier:


David Merkel
A Modest Proposal for Balancing the US Budget in the Short-Run
1/9/2007 11:06 AM EST

This is not meant seriously, but an easy way to balance the US Budget in the short run is to issue Japanese Yen-denominated debt. Current interest costs would drop rapidly, and the budget would balance.

What’s that you say? What if the Yen appreciates versus the Dollar? The US has an ill-disclosed balance sheet, with many of its liabilities omitted, or merely disclosed as footnotes… Medicare, Social Security, the old Federal Employee defined benefit plan, etc., are all off the balance sheet. (And on the plus side, so is the value of most of the property of the government, as well as the present value of its taxation capabilities.)

Leaving aside other things that are off-budget (e.g., Iraq, Katrina relief), borrowing in foreign currencies is just another tool that the Federal government can use to put off today’s costs off to a future date. It’s something that our government does well.

Position: none, though I own TIPS, realizing that they are only second best to developed market foreign currency debt, and the US Labor department controls the CPI calculation…

My Idea

Lest I merely seem to be a critic, I have another idea that I think is more powerful: Issue 40-, 50-, 75-, and 100-year bonds.? Issue TIPS versions as well.? Hey, issue a perpetual — Consols!? As I have said earlier:


David Merkel
Now Let’s Have a Treasury Century Bond!
8/3/2005 9:30 AM EDT

George, I’m really glad to see that the Treasury has finally gotten a lick of sense, and is re-issuing the 30-year, which they should be able to at yields lower then the current long bond maturing in 2031 (probably 10 basis points lower).

Timing is anyone’s guess, but I would suspect two auctions — in November 2005 and February 2006 — in order to give the new benchmark bond sufficient liquidity. Given the absence of long issuance, demand for this bond will be very strong in the hedging community.

Now, the Treasury won’t do this, but my guess is that there is even more demand for a 50-year, or even a century bond (100 years). It would help pension funds and structured settlement writers match their liabilities. Those bonds could sell at yields less than the 10-year. Won’t happen, but I can dream.

Final note, this removes one of my reasons for lower long rates, but I am still biased toward lower long rates. The other reasons still hold.

none mentioned, though I own Treasury Securities of various sorts, both directly and indirectly (don’t we all?)

There is a decent amount of demand for safe long-dated debt from pension plans, life insurance companies, and other long-term fixed income investors.? These bonds would likely have lower yields than the 30-year bond, because of buyers that like long fixed income because of its reliability in a crisis.? (And, for bond geeks — high positive convexity.)

Personally, I think the market would happily digest a lot of really long debt from a seemingly strong entity like the US Government.? What, are we going to let the Europeans have a monopoly on long sovereign debt here? ;)? US Treasury, be innovative — show the world how confident we are in the future of the US by issuing debt as long as we think this republic will last.? Surely that is longer than 30 years.

The More Things Change, The More They Remain The Same

The More Things Change, The More They Remain The Same

I’ve been asked by a number of readers for my opinion on the economic team being put together by the incoming Obama administration.? I’m not that excited, but then Bush Junior’s economic team was pretty consistently disappointing.? What we have is a bunch of Clinton-era retreads in Summers, Orszag, and Geithner.? Bob Rubin may not be there, but those that learned from him are there.

And, this is change.? I have sixty cents sitting next to me.? That’s change also.? Moving from Paulson to Rubin’s students is exchanging one part of the intellectual framework of Goldman Sachs for its cousin.? As Ron Smith said to me off the air when I was recently on WBAL, the economic advisors of Bush and Obama are members of the same intellectual country club.? There is little real change there.

But, look at it on the bright side.? The best part of the Clinton administration was the Treasury Department and the affiliated entities.? Perhaps that will be true of the Obama administration as well — pragmatism ruling over dogmatism, and a fear of freaking out the bond market.? Could be worse.? Save us from misguided idealists (perhaps Bernanke — a pity he didn’t pick a different dissertation topic), who think they know how to fight economic depression, but really don’t, and waste a lot of time and money in the process.

As it is we get two new programs this morning that are more of the same😕 Keep expanding the Fed’s balance sheet; don’t think about the eventual unwind.? Create more protected lending programs that encourage lenders to flee unprotected areas of the market for protected areas.? Do anything to shift debt from private to public hands; but don’t do anything that truly reconciles bad debt.

I do have a beef with the selection of Geithner, though.? This Bloomberg piece gives a sympathetic rendering of his attempts to deal with derivatives.? He tried to achieve consensus of all parties.? My view is that the areas where he could achieve compromise were areas that were important but not critical.? He needed to take a bigger view and question the incredible amounts of leverage, both visible and hidden, that we were building up and focus on what regulatory structures could properly contain the increased leverage, lest the gears of finance grind to a halt, as they have done today.

We can be less sympathetic, though.? Chris Whalen’s (Institutional Risk Analytics) opinion of him is quite low, or, as he was quoted in this NYT article:

?We have only two things to say about Tim Geithner, who we do not know: A.I.G. and Lehman Brothers,? said Christopher Whalen of Institutional Risk Analytics. ?Throw in the Bear Stearns/Maiden Lane fiasco for good measure,? he said.

?All of these ?rescues? are a disaster for the taxpayer, for the financial markets and also for the Federal Reserve System as an organization. Geithner, in our view, deserves retirement, not promotion.?

Ouch.

?He was in the room at every turn of the crisis,? said another executive who participated in several such confidential meetings with Mr. Geithner. ?You can look at that both ways.?

This Wall Street Journal editorial is similarly bearish.? Geithner was in the room on every bad decision, and a few non-decisions.

Or, just consider some of the questions that should be put to Geithner.? They are significant.

My view is that he is a bright guy who is out of his league in trying to deal with the aftermath of the buildup in leverage, that has lead to the collapse in leverage that we all face.? Now, I can’t be that critical of him, because he has been cleaning up after the errors of many, a small fraction of which he bears some responsibility for.

No one is equal to solving this crisis.? It is bigger than our government, which made an intellectual mistake in thinking that it could promote prosperity through Greenspan-like monetary policies, which almost everyone lionized while they were going on, except a few worrywarts like me, James Grant, etc., who followed the buildup of leverage in the Brave New World.? Now we face its collapse; let’s just hope and pray? that it doesn’t lead to worse government than what we have now.

PS — If I were offered the opportunity to fix things, I would take it, and:

The last one I like the least, but I’m afraid it would have to be done.? Phase two would be:

  • Move to a currency that is gold-backed.
  • Replace the Fed with a currency board.
  • Create a new unified regulator of all depositary institutions.
  • Slowly raise bank capital requirements, and make them countercyclical.
  • Bring all agreements onto the balance sheet with full disclosure.
  • Enforce a strict separation between regulated and non-regulated financials.? No cross-ownership, no cross-lending, no derivative agreements between them.
  • Bar investment banks from being publicly traded, and if regulated, with strict leverage/risk-based capital limits.
  • Move back to balanced budgets, and prepare for the pensions/entitlements crisis.

On that last one, there are few good solutions there, but we would have to try anyway.? So it goes.

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